LEDBAT: Public Service Announcement

There is buzz on the IT Blogs & Boards that LEDBAT isn’t working as advertised on Windows Server 2016 and up – this is easily explained and is the result of a misconfiguration that is also easily remedied.

The symptoms of the misconfiguration are that LEDBAT gets stuck in a slow transfer mode and will not recover unless you restart the connection. In other words, it does not leverage the unused bandwidth that is available on the network. If your LEDBAT connections are experiencing really low throughput even though there is bandwidth available this is probably the reason.

The problem has to do with TCP templates. In order to work properly, LEDBAT has to be configured using the InternetCustom  template. In the misconfiguration LEDBAT is configured using the DatacenterCustom template. The good news is that there is a simple way to check your configuration as well as an easy fix.

There are two powershell commands used to configure LEDBAT. Set-NetTCPSettings and New-NetTransportFilter. The NetTCPSetting is used to configure the InternetCustom template for LEDBAT and the NetTransportFilter is used to guide LEDBAT connections into the InternetCustom template.

NetTransportFilters use IP address and port numbers to guide connections to a template. SCCM uses ports 80 and 443 so let’s use those for an example. Go ahead and try it out. Open an elevated powershell window and type Get-NetTransportFilter.

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter SettingName       : Automatic Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : * <strong>SettingName       : DatacenterCustom               <-- Bad configuration, should be InternetCustom</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : * <strong>SettingName       : DatacenterCustom               <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be InternetCustom</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter SettingName       : Automatic Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *   <strong>SettingName       : DatacenterCustom               <-- Bad configuration, should be InternetCustom</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *   <strong>SettingName       : DatacenterCustom               <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be InternetCustom</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

The first thing we see is that the server is misconfigured for SCCM (port 80 and port 443). Do you see where the output says SettingName: DatacenterCustom? Those should say SettingName: InternetCustom. This LEDBAT is probably unable to leverage unused bandwidth because of this bad configuration.

*** Don’t worry about the automatic template and certainly don’t delete it! If you have read my tutorial on TCP Templates then you already know that this template is used to switch between Datacenter and Internet.

Cool, now we are getting somewhere! Let’s take a look at those templates next. Go ahead and try it:

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTCPSetting | Select Settingname, CongestionProvider Settingname     CongestionProvider -----------     ------------------ Automatic <strong>InternetCustom   CTCP                        <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be LEDBAT</strong> <strong>DatacenterCustom LEDBAT                      <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be CTCP (WS2016) or Cubic (WS2019)</strong> Compat           NewReno Datacenter       DCTCP Internet         CTCP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTCPSetting | Select Settingname, CongestionProvider   Settingname     CongestionProvider -----------     ------------------ Automatic <strong>InternetCustom   CTCP                        <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be LEDBAT</strong> <strong>DatacenterCustom LEDBAT                      <--</strong><strong> Bad configuration, should be CTCP (WS2016) or Cubic (WS2019)</strong> Compat           NewReno Datacenter       DCTCP Internet         CTCP

Once again, the server is misconfigured. DatacenterCustom template is configured for LEDBAT and InternetCustom template is configured for CTCP (the old default).

Now all we have to do is fix it! First let’s remove the bad NetTransportFilters:

PowerShell

### Remove DatacenterCustom filters PS C:Usersdahavey> Remove-NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom -Protocol TCP -DestinationPrefix * -LocalPortStart 443 -LocalPortEnd 443 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535" [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom -Protocol TCP -DestinationPrefix * -LocalPortStart 80 -LocalPortEnd 80 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535" [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

### Remove DatacenterCustom filters PS C:Usersdahavey> Remove-NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom   Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom -Protocol TCP -DestinationPrefix * -LocalPortStart 443 -LocalPortEnd 443 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535" [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y   Confirm Are you sure you want to perform this action? Performing operation "Remove" on Target "NetTransportFilter -SettingName DatacenterCustom -Protocol TCP -DestinationPrefix * -LocalPortStart 80 -LocalPortEnd 80 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535" [Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y

Let’s have a look and see how it worked!

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter SettingName      : Automatic Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter   SettingName      : Automatic Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

Good work! The bad configuration is gone. Now let’s replace it with a good configuration. Here we go:

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> New-NetTransportFilter -SettingName InternetCustom -Protocol TCP -LocalPortStart 443 -LocalPortEnd 443 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535 <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom          <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : * PS C:Usersdahavey> New-NetTransportFilter -SettingName InternetCustom -Protocol TCP -LocalPortStart 80 -LocalPortEnd 80 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535 <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom          <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

PS C:Usersdahavey> New-NetTransportFilter -SettingName InternetCustom -Protocol TCP -LocalPortStart 443 -LocalPortEnd 443 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535   <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom          <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *     PS C:Usersdahavey> New-NetTransportFilter -SettingName InternetCustom -Protocol TCP -LocalPortStart 80 -LocalPortEnd 80 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535   <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom          <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

Looking good! We have the NetTransportFilters correctly configured. Let’s just verify that:

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter <strong>SettingName       : Automatic                        <--</strong><strong> Don’t worry about this configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : * <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom                    <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : * <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom                    <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTransportFilter   <strong>SettingName       : Automatic                        <--</strong><strong> Don’t worry about this configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 0 LocalPortEnd     : 65535 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *   <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom                    <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 443 LocalPortEnd     : 443 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *   <strong>SettingName       : InternetCustom                    <--</strong><strong> Good configuration</strong> Protocol         : TCP LocalPortStart   : 80 LocalPortEnd     : 80 RemotePortStart   : 0 RemotePortEnd     : 65535 DestinationPrefix : *

Beautiful! Our NetTransportFilters are looking good! Now let’s take a look at those templates.

PowerShell

PS C:Usersdahavey> Set-NetTCPSetting -SettingName InternetCustom -CongestionProvider LEDBAT PS C:Usersdahavey> Set-NetTCPSetting -SettingName DatacenterCustom -CongestionProvider Cubic PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTCPSetting -SettingName DatacenterCustom, InternetCustom | Select Settingname, CongestionProvider Settingname     CongestionProvider -----------     ------------------ <strong>InternetCustom               LEDBAT</strong> <strong>DatacenterCustom            CTCP <-- Or Cubic if you are using WS2019</strong>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PS C:Usersdahavey> Set-NetTCPSetting -SettingName InternetCustom -CongestionProvider LEDBAT PS C:Usersdahavey> Set-NetTCPSetting -SettingName DatacenterCustom -CongestionProvider Cubic PS C:Usersdahavey> Get-NetTCPSetting -SettingName DatacenterCustom, InternetCustom | Select Settingname, CongestionProvider   Settingname     CongestionProvider -----------     ------------------ <strong>InternetCustom               LEDBAT</strong> <strong>DatacenterCustom            CTCP         <-- Or Cubic if you are using WS2019</strong>

Now we are correctly configured for LEDBAT on SCCM! Happy LEDBATing !